LAST UPDATED · 22 SEPTEMBER 2026

Attic Standard Methodology

How the reference price for AI inference is built, verified and maintained
Attic Standard is the independent price benchmark for AI inference. We track the list prices vendors publish, captured at source and normalized to the unit each market trades in. The following sections set out what the indexes and market measures capture, how they are constructed and maintained, and the standards they are held to.

PART ONE
Principles
What we are, and the rules we hold ourselves to
Attic Standard does not sell, route or broker inference. We hold no position in the prices we measure, which is what allows them to serve as a reference for buyers, sellers and the analysts who follow them.
§ 1.1
Six rules
These govern every decision we make, from capture to publication. Where they conflict with a tidier chart, the chart gives way.
INDEPENDENCE
Attic Standard is the instrument, not a participant. We do not resell capacity, route requests or earn a margin on any price we report. No commercial relationship, subscriptions included, has any bearing on an assessment, and no vendor sees a figure before it is published.
PUBLISHED PRICES ONLY
If a vendor does not publish a rate, it does not enter an index. We estimate nothing, interpolate nothing and model nothing. Where a price is published on a basis that cannot be converted without an assumption, we track it and hold it outside the basket.
DETERMINISTIC EXTRACTION
We read prices with rules written against each source's own structure, whether an API response, a model catalog or a rate card. The same inputs always produce the same output, and we store the original price string beside the normalized value.
THE VENDOR THAT SETS THE PRICE
A price is indexed against the vendor that sets it. We exclude routers and aggregators that pass through another vendor's rate.
RECORDED DECISIONS
Every model in the registry carries an admission decision, the rule it rests on, the reason and the source. A reader can see not only what an index holds, but why each model is in it or out of it.
FULL DISCLOSURE
Basket size, vendor count and coverage sit beside every reading, each index states the week its series begins, and the distribution beside the spot price shows the whole population behind it. The chart marks any week whose movement rests on a single model.
§ 1.2
Sources and capture
We capture prices every week, from every tracked vendor, at the source the vendor maintains: pricing and model APIs, machine-readable catalogs, published rate cards and pricing documentation. Each price is stored with its source, its capture date, the original string it was read from and the arithmetic applied to it.
A census, not a scrape. Every capture compares what a source lists against what we track. New models are surfaced for review, a model missing from its source leaves the basket that week, and a listing is retired only when its absence is confirmed.
Dry run before write. Every capture runs first without writing. Anything our rules cannot read with certainty is blocked and resolved before a single price is recorded.
§ 1.3
Verification and release
We release a week only when every tracked vendor has been captured and verified for it. Before release, integrity checks confirm that published index membership reconciles exactly with the underlying prices and decisions, and any movement large enough to matter is decomposed to the individual models that produced it and confirmed at source.
Continuous audit. We audit prices, units, vendors and model identities against their sources on a regular cycle. Where a published figure proves wrong and the correct value is observable, we restate the history and recompute every affected index in full.
Identity checks. Two standing checks guard model identity. Prices are tested against each model's own market: a listing more than three times its model's median across vendors is flagged and confirmed at source. And no vendor may carry two prices for the same model and leg, so a serving path, a context band or a mode priced differently is identified and handled under a stated convention rather than averaged into the model.
§ 1.4
Governance
We follow the practice expected of a price reporting agency: a fixed publication schedule, a route for challenging any figure, advance notice of changes to the method and a complete record behind every number.
PUBLICATION
Each week's prices are dated to that week's Monday and published on the site once the week is verified. The weekly assessment follows on Wednesday at 16:00 Athens time, 09:00 in New York.
QUERIES AND CORRECTIONS
Any reader may query a published figure at info@atticstandard.com. Every query is logged, checked against the source and answered, and a confirmed error is restated under the revision policy in § 3.7.
CHANGES TO THE METHOD
A material change to the method is announced in the weekly assessment before it takes effect, with its reasons, and dated in the revision table once applied.
RECORDS
Every captured price is kept with its source, its original string and its capture date, together with every admission decision and every restatement, so any published figure can be reproduced.

PART TWO
Composition
What each index contains, and why
§ 2.1
How the indexes segment the market
Each index answers one buyer question, stated on its card beside its definition, constituent counts and coverage. Together they read the market from every angle a buyer, seller or analyst needs.
MODALITY
What does this kind of inference cost? Text, multimodal, image, video, transcription, speech and embedding, each priced in the unit its market trades in. Image is indexed per image and per megapixel, and video per second and per clip, because those units are separate markets.
DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL
Where should I buy it? Model developers, cloud marketplaces, inference platforms and neoclouds. Each listing belongs to exactly one channel, so the same model can be compared across the routes to market.
TIER
What does a model of this standing cost? Flagship, core and compact, following each maker's own positioning of its lineup rather than any benchmark score. A model counts in the weeks it held its maker's lane, so a later replacement does not rewrite earlier weeks.
LICENSE
What does openness cost or save? Published weights, published weights under restrictive licenses, and proprietary models. The restricted set is a subset of published weights, so we never combine the two.
ORIGIN
Where was it built? Origin records where a model was created, not where it is sold, and a model built on another organization's base takes that base's origin.
USE CASE
What does a model built for a specific kind of work cost? Models sold for reasoning and models built for coding, measured against the same standard as every other index.
ONE QUESTION PER INDEX
The members of an index must be substitutes for one another, sold in one unit and answering the question the index states.
Channel and license indexes divide listings without overlap; tier, origin and use case indexes overlap the others. We never add one index level to another.
§ 2.2
Model identity and admission
One identity per model. Vendors name the same model in different ways. Every listing resolves to a single canonical model, so a model sold under many names across many vendors is recognized, priced and counted as one. We merge duplicate identities at the source record and record the merge.
Admission, model by model. No model enters an index automatically. We review each one and admit or exclude it under a registered rule, with the reason and its source recorded. A decision is made once for the model and applies wherever it is sold, and a newly listed model is held out until it has been reviewed.
What admission prevents. Serving paths, quantized copies, regional variants, context and quality bands, and endpoints of a model already represented are excluded, so no model is counted twice. Where a vendor moves a model name to a newer version, the name is excluded and the versions are indexed as the separate products they are. A superseded generation stays in the modality indexes while it is sold, and a model built on another organization's base is attributed to that base where the question requires it.
§ 2.3
What is excluded
These are excluded because they are not comparable to a published on-demand rate.
EXCLUDED
REASON
Negotiated and enterprise rates
Not publicly verifiable
Committed-use discounts
Buy a commitment rather than a unit of inference
Volume tiers above the first
Only the base tier is indexed, so a reader sees the rate available without commitment
Batch discounts
Price a delayed service level rather than the standard rate
Promotional and temporary rates
A discount offered for a limited period, including a reduction shown against a struck-through list price, is not the published list rate
Subscriptions and credit bundles
Cannot be attributed to a unit of inference
Free tiers and trials
Not a production cost
Routers and aggregators
Pass through a price already indexed at the vendor that sets it
Duplicate and variant listings
Serving paths, quantized copies and endpoints of a model already represented
Price bands above the standard rate
Long-context, high-quality and thinking-mode rates are bands of one model's price, not separate products
Regional and priority serving paths
Price delivery of a model already indexed at its standard rate
Moving version aliases
Point at whichever version a vendor currently serves, so a series would mix two models
Task-specific tools
Background removal, lip-sync, upscaling and similar tools are not substitutes for general-purpose models
Per-request and GPU-time pricing
No unit of inference that can be compared across vendors
Delisted models
Leave the basket in the week they are no longer offered
Price conventions. Where a model is offered at several resolutions, quality settings, context lengths or times of day, the index carries a stated convention: the lowest published band, 720p video without audio where a silent rate is published, and the peak rate. Each convention is applied identically across every vendor.

PART THREE
Construction
From a published rate to an index level
§ 3.1
Design properties
A price list tells a buyer what one vendor charges today. A benchmark has to hold under scrutiny across vendors, units and time. The construction delivers six properties together.
ACCURATE
Every model carries one vote, and prices are summarized with medians and geometric means that no single outlying price can dominate.
RELIABLE
Each model is compared only with itself, so launches and delistings change the basket without manufacturing movement.
PRECISE
We convert units only where the conversion is pure arithmetic, and every unit that cannot be converted forms a market of its own.
CURRENT
We capture prices every week, and a new listing is reflected in the spot price from its first priced week.
DEFENSIBLE
The formula follows international price statistics practice, we invent no weights, and every convention is stated in advance.
AUDITABLE
The original price string, every admission decision and every restatement are recorded, so any published figure can be traced to its source.
§ 3.2
Normalization
Vendors publish in different units. We convert a price only where the conversion is arithmetic and requires no assumption about how the service will be used.
PUBLISHED AS
INDEXED AS
CONVERSION
per 1M tokens
per 1,000 tokens
Divide by 1,000
per token
per 1,000 tokens
Multiply by 1,000
per character
per 1,000 characters
Multiply by 1,000
per hour of audio
per minute
Divide by 60
per second of audio
per minute
Multiply by 60
per megapixel
per megapixel
None; indexed as its own market
per video clip
per clip
None; indexed as its own market
per compute second
Not converted
Depends on hardware profile
per credit or bundle
Not converted
Depends on bundle composition
Every conversion is stored with the price it was applied to. Where a form cannot be converted without an assumption, we track the listing and hold it outside the basket.
Currency. Almost all tracked vendors publish in US dollars. Where a vendor publishes in another currency, we do not treat the converted figure as equivalent to a published dollar rate: it is indexed only where the vendor also publishes a dollar price, and a change of currency basis is recorded as a change in basis rather than a change in price.
§ 3.3
The benchmark
The market grows every week. An average of whatever happens to be listed would move on composition alone, so the benchmark measures change only on models present in consecutive weeks.
A listing must be priced in two consecutive weeks before it can move an index. Each week's change is measured across matched listings and applied to the previous week's level, so a model arriving or leaving changes what the basket contains without producing a price movement.
Model change = geometric mean over the model's matched listings of ( price_t ÷ price_(t−1) )
Index_t = Index_(t−1) × geometric mean over matched models of ( model change )
Every model counts once. A model sold by many vendors carries one vote: its listings' changes are combined into a single change for that model before models are combined. Both steps use the geometric mean, so a model priced at $120 per million tokens moves the index no more than one at $0.02. This is the Jevons index, the elementary aggregate formula recommended by the international Consumer Price Index Manual for baskets without reliable quantity weights, applied here at both stages.
No invented weights. Vendors do not publish inference volumes, so each model carries equal weight, and the index measures how listed prices moved rather than what the market spent.
Directions are indexed separately. Most vendors price input and output independently, and the ratio between them varies by an order of magnitude. Cached input is indexed over the caching cohort, the models that publish a cached rate, and the cohort's own input and output are shown beside it so cached prices are read against the same models.
§ 3.4
Benchmark and spot
Two numbers are published for each index because they answer different questions, and together they say more than either could alone.
BENCHMARK
The chained level, expressed as May 2026 = 100: the average of that month's weeks. Every published series holds its minimum constituents from the first May week, so any two indexes share a common base and can be compared directly. It measures price movement on identical models: a level of 97.2 means listed prices are 2.8 percent below their May average. Change is shown against the base, month on month and week on week.
SPOT
What the market charges this week, in dollars. Each model is taken at the median of its vendors' prices, and the spot is the median across those models, with the 25th and 75th percentiles on the same basis. A new listing counts from its first priced week. The distribution beside it bins the same per-model prices, so the shape and the figures describe one population.
The gap between them carries information. A falling benchmark with a steady spot means existing models are being repriced; a falling spot with a steady benchmark means cheaper models are entering, or coverage has widened to include them.
§ 3.5
Concentrated repricing
A dotted vertical line on a chart marks concentrated repricing: a week in which one model produced most of the movement.
In an equally weighted index every model carries the same influence, so a week in which one model reprices sharply can move the level as much as a week in which many move a little. Both are real, and a line alone cannot tell them apart.
A series is marked in a week where its level moved 1 percent or more and one matched model accounted for at least half of that movement. Both figures come from the index calculation itself, so a mark can never disagree with the published number. The test runs on every index every week and is never applied by hand.
A mark describes that week alone. We use the term concentrated repricing rather than index rebalancing, because rebalancing means a change to the basket, which never moves this benchmark.
§ 3.6
Safeguards
SAFEGUARD
PURPOSE
Complete capture
We release a week only when every tracked vendor has been captured for it, so no index moves because a vendor was missed.
Two-observation rule
A listing enters the benchmark from its second consecutive priced week. A model seen once cannot yet have changed price.
Minimum constituents
A series is published only if it holds its minimum in every week from the first May 2026 week: eight models for input and output, five for cached input, a smaller population by construction. The start date is fixed once set.
Weekly change bound
The weekly change is bounded at 50 percent in either direction, and a week that reaches the bound is recorded rather than compounded silently into the chain.
Latest verified price
Where a price changes more than once within a capture week, only the latest verified price counts.
Positive prices only
A zero or absent price removes the listing from the basket for that week rather than being treated as free.
§ 3.7
Revision policy
We restate prices only where a published figure can be shown to be wrong and the correct figure is observable. Where a value is wrong but the correct one was never captured, the reading stands and is annotated in the record. Restatements are applied across the affected history and every series is recomputed in full. Changes to the method are dated here, never applied silently.
DATE
REVISION
August 2026
The weekly change became the geometric mean of individual price changes, replacing the ratio of average prices, which had weighted each model by its price level. Full history recomputed.
14 September 2026
One vote per model at both stages of the calculation; every index expressed as May 2026 = 100; membership decided per model under recorded admission rules. History restated in full.
18 September 2026
Admission review completed across the registry; tier indexes published, with lineup membership measured week by week; minimum constituents set per direction and required from the base month; spot distributions rebuilt on one price per model. History restated in full.
22 September 2026
Market measures rebuilt on the admitted prices that build the indexes, with one value per model and within-model comparisons, and the set of nine redefined as set out in § 4.2. Full history recomputed; index levels unchanged.

PART FOUR
Market measures
Nine readings of how the market prices, beside the indexes
§ 4.1
How the measures are built
The indexes measure how prices move. The market measures describe how prices are structured, how often they change and how sellers compare, and they are held to the same standard.
The same prices. Every measure is computed each week from the admitted list prices that build the indexes, with aggregators excluded.
Each model counts once. Where a measure describes models, prices are reduced to a median per company and then to a median per model, so a model sold by many companies carries the same weight as one sold by a single company. Every price relationship is read within one model: output against its own input, cached against its own standard rate, one seller against another on the same model.
Repricing follows the listing. Repricing measures follow each listing, one company's price for one model in one unit. A move under 0.5 percent is not a change, a move reversed within two weeks is treated as temporary and excluded together with its reversal, and a listing's legs moving together count as one change.
Publication and base. A measure is published only in weeks when its population reaches ten. Each is read against its May 2026 average, with changes stated in percentage points for shares and in the multiple itself for ratios, and the full history is recomputed at every publication.
§ 4.2
The nine measures
MEASURE
WHAT IT READS
PRICE STRUCTURE
Output Premium
The share of token models whose output rate is more than four times their input rate.
Caching Discount
The median saving of cached input against the same model's standard input rate, across models sold with both.
Caching Availability
The share of token models sold with a cached input rate by at least one company.
PRICE DYNAMICS
Repricing Activity
The share of listings present now and thirteen weeks earlier whose price made a lasting change in between, with the share of those changes that were cuts.
Repricing Depth
The median size of the lasting price changes made over the last thirteen weeks.
Post-Launch Drift
The share of models launched four to thirteen weeks ago whose market price is now below their launch week. A model counts as launched only where every company pricing it that week was already tracked, so an onboarded vendor's catalog does not register as launches.
COMPETITION
Multi-Vendor Spread
For models sold by two or more companies, the median ratio of the dearest company's input price to the cheapest's.
First-Party Premium
The share of models priced higher by their creator than by the median independent host, an inference platform or neocloud selling the same model.
Marketplace Premium
The share of models priced higher on a cloud marketplace than by the median independent host selling the same model.

PART FIVE
Scope
What the benchmark covers by design, and how to read it
§ 5.1
Defined scope
A price benchmark earns its precision by measuring one thing. The following sit outside it by design.
OUTSIDE THE BENCHMARK
WHY
Performance and latency
Requires running the models, which is a different discipline with different infrastructure. A cheaper model is not necessarily a slower one, and this index says nothing either way.
Output quality
We record published specifications but do not score models. Capability rankings change faster than prices.
Availability and rate limits
A listed price says nothing about whether capacity is available at that price, or how much of it a buyer can use.
Total cost of ownership
Egress, storage, support and integration vary by deployment and are not published per unit. The index measures the listed rate, which is one input to that calculation.
What buyers actually pay
Negotiated and committed rates are not public. The index measures listed prices, which set the reference point most contracts are negotiated against.
Volumes and market share
No vendor publishes inference volumes. The index measures price, not spend, and does not weight by either.
§ 5.2
Reading the indexes
FEATURE
HOW TO READ IT
Series start dates
A series publishes only from the week it meets its minimum constituents, so some indexes begin later than others. Each card states its own start date.
Unconvertible units
Where a pricing basis cannot be converted without an assumption, those listings are tracked but held outside the basket, so an index can hold fewer listings than its modality offers.
Retired models
A model its maker has retired can remain in a modality index while resellers still offer it, until they delist it.
Split billing
Where a model bills parts of one request in different units, no single index holds its full cost.
Sticky list prices
Some models hold their launch price for months. A flat benchmark beside a falling spot means the market moved through new models rather than through repricing.
Vendor-side errors
A vendor occasionally publishes a wrong price. Where this is detectable against the model's own history or a sibling listing we correct it; where it is not, it is captured faithfully and the index reflects what was published.

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